While concussions are most-commonly associated with professional athletes, like football players, they can happen to anyone who falls or gets hit in the head. In fact, experts estimate that 1 in 3 million people visit the ER with a concussion in the U.S. every year. Concussions can cause long-term brain damage, which is why it’s important to know the signs and what to do if you or someone you know is dealing with this type of brain injury.
What is a Concussion
According to the Mayo Clinic, “A concussion is a brain injury that happens when your brain moves or twists inside of your skull.” Unknown to most, they are also classified as traumatic brain injuries. Concussions can stretch and injure nerves and vessels in your brain, causing chemicals to release in your body that tell your brain to stop functioning. Once the initial trauma is over, your brain begins immediately trying to repair itself.
Concussion Symptoms
When learning to spot a concussion, it’s important to remember that symptoms might not start all the way, and they can range from physical to cognitive to emotional changes.
Physical symptoms include:
- Headaches
- Neck pain
- Dizziness
- Lightheadedness
- Double or blurred vision
- Nausea and vomiting
- Sensitivity to light and sound
- Loss of consciousness
Cognitive symptoms include:
- Confusion
- Brain fog
- Difficulty concentrating
Emotional symptoms include:
- Mood swings
- Irritability
- Depression
- Anxiety
People who have experienced a concussion might also be drowsy or have difficulty sleeping.
Diagnosing & Treatment
Because symptoms vary so significantly across all people, a concussion must be diagnosed by a physician or medical provider. Typically, a concussion can be determined with a physical and neurological exam where the doctor will assess reflexes, balance/coordination, vision, hearing and strength. They might also test memory, problem-solving skills and ability to concentrate via a written or verbal exam. In some cases, the physician might also recommend a CT or MRI scan to check for bleeding.
Once diagnosed, the patient will need to rest, most importantly, and take a break from all intense exercise for at least 5-7 days, depending on the severity. Some doctors also recommend refraining from screens or activities that require concentration for the first few days.
